About this condition
Heart Disease — Genetic Risk
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for ~700,000 US deaths annually. CVD heritability is 40-60%. Over 100 genes cause monogenic cardiovascular conditions: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (MYH7, MYBPC3), dilated cardiomyopathy (TTN, LMNA), arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (PKP2), Long QT syndrome (KCNQ1, KCNH2, SCN5A), Brugada syndrome (SCN5A), familial hypercholesterolemia (LDLR, APOB, PCSK9), and hereditary aortopathies (FBN1, TGFBR1/2, ACTA2).
Gene-specific management is critical: LMNA DCM has high arrhythmia risk → earlier ICD implantation vs. TTN DCM which is more benign. Long QT type determines drug avoidance (LQT1: avoid swimming; LQT2: avoid alarm clocks; LQT3: SCN5A → mexiletine may help). Aortopathy surgery threshold is 5.0 cm for Marfan vs. 4.0 cm for Loeys-Dietz. FH requires early statin therapy, PCSK9 inhibitors, or inclisiran.
Standard cardiac gene panels test 50-150 genes for specific indications (cardiomyopathy panel, arrhythmia panel, aortopathy panel). Patients often need multiple panels as phenotypes overlap. WGS evaluates all cardiovascular genes simultaneously — plus pharmacogenomic variants affecting cardiac drug metabolism (CYP2D6 for metoprolol, CYP2C19 for clopidogrel, VKORC1/CYP2C9 for warfarin).
The specific gene determines ICD timing, surgical thresholds, drug selection, and activity restrictions. Treating 'cardiomyopathy' the same regardless of gene is like treating all infections with the same antibiotic — gene-specific management saves lives.
- Gene locus
- MYH7 (14q11.2), TTN (2q31.2), LMNA (1q22), KCNQ1 (11p15.5), SCN5A (3p22.2), FBN1 (15q21.1), LDLR (19p13.2), and 100+ additional genes
